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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medication and are able to formulate appropriate prescriptions that will minimize the adverse effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including medication, psychotherapy and exercise. SSRIs are the first choice for treating anxiety, but they can take several weeks for them to work. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. Newer SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). There are a variety of SSRIs are FDA-approved for treating generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil), sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medicines can boost serotonin in the brain, and could also help boost norepinephrine or BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can have adverse effects, such as stomach and nausea However, these tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication. The exact mechanism of the SSRIs' effect on anxiety isn't well understood. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake in post-synaptic neurons, and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signals that cross the synapse and it also reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can decrease anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression and other mental illnesses that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy to improve their effectiveness. Unlike some other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. Nevertheless, it is important to follow your doctor's prescriptions precisely. If you stop taking your medication abruptly and suddenly, it can trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor could try a different class of antidepressants, like mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs are also effective, but have greater risk of side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods such as dairy products such as eggs, red meat and certain fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these medicines it is a wise idea to stay clear of these foods. It is also recommended to stay clear of drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs since it may cause some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) which inhibits the activity of nerves. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive, and should be used only for brief periods under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when used for recreational purposes or mixed with other drugs, including alcohol. It is not uncommon for medications to be the first thing that people look for when they're suffering from an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been proven to help decrease anxiety symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies that can help however the most well-known and effective one is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to modify your thinking and behavior to make you less anxious as much. The most popular benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), Lorazepam (Ativan) and the quazepam (Dalmane). They all share the same chemical properties, however each has its own distinct side effects profile. For instance, clorazepate can be more effective in treating seizures than other drugs, and lorazepam works better than quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they should not be used long-term because they can cause tolerance and physical dependence. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a pounding of the heart as well as sweating and shaking if you abruptly stop taking the medication. The symptoms can be extremely uncomfortable and last for several weeks however, they can be slowed down by gradually reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should only be used for a short period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. You will need to monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and breathing throughout this time to ensure that you do not have an extreme reaction. Speak to your doctor when you're considering taking the use of a benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that can help to treat anxiety symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors within your nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart tremors or palpitations. These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues however they can be prescribed for off-label use for anxiety-related disorders. If you are stressed your body produces a chemical called adrenaline that signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds with beta receptors in the brain and heart and causes your heart to beat faster and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, the name of a class of medication that treat hypertension and other heart conditions they work by preventing the adrenaline binding which reduces the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers work quickly, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines, which require a long time to show a difference in symptoms. This makes them an excellent option for people who need immediate relief from their anxiety symptoms like those who must give an address in public or travel on a plane. They are also ideal for those who have both anxiety and a chronic heart issue such as congestive heart failure or atherosclerosis. While beta-blockers can be effective in decreasing physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't address the underlying cause of the disorder. They are only prescribed in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications and counseling. They can be beneficial for those who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it to be ineffective, or caused unacceptable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, and other beta-blockers are also available. Your doctor will determine the best beta-blocker for you depending on your medical history and health status. These medications can cause adverse effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure. It is important to discuss the options for treatment with your doctor. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), developed in the 1950s to be an antidepressant, are effective for a variety of anxiety and depression disorders. However, they're not utilized as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the requirement for strict dietary restrictions and the potential for drug interactions. Certain MAOIs are administered by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin every day. MAOIs block the actions of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood appetite, sexual function. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to trigger side effects and are accompanied by warnings regarding suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to treat your symptoms in addition to the MAOIs listed below. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation method or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was quickly discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant drug. Typically, MAOIs can only be employed when other antidepressants fail to perform, as they could cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It could trigger a serious reaction that results in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI while eating foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is found in a variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in shellfish, fish and some dietary supplement. The symptoms of this reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs, your physician will talk with you about the foods to avoid. They will instruct you to avoid eating any food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the medication. They will also provide a list of food items that are safe to eat while on MAOIs. This food guide will help you avoid MAOI-related symptoms.